The legal systems that we know of around the world mostly evolved from an old type of English law used during the Middle Ages known as Common Law. Common Law originated in Westminster in London in the King's Court. This is where the whole idea of remedying problems with the use of procedures originated and this is also the same system that is used today.
In 1066 after the Norman conquest a set of rules was established and local governments would overlook that these rules were followed. Anything that was against these rules was known as a crime and the person who committed it was to be punished. The use of juries in trials began and the judiciary was set up. The judiciary is the judges in a country.
Even though this is not where all law originated from it is where lots of the procedures we use today evolved from.
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